给公用电脑做一次网卡小升级
背景
这台电脑是 L440 好几年前的产品了，网卡连 802.11ac 都不支持，2.4Ghz频段干扰的要死，我用MacBook通过局域网连接，感觉像是从西雅图绕了一圈。
不过好在笔电上的规范都会比较新，即使是这个四代i5也配备了 ngff(m.2) 的网卡，所以升级只需要看现有网卡支持不支持这个cpu了。
因为这个兼容性优先 所以我懒得一个个对比性价比了，直接看别人推荐的 intel 7260 AC，直接买了 某宝35块，网卡真的是被intel降到白菜价了 ax200这么高性能的卡也就80块（虽然问题挺大的）。
不过今天主要讲两个事情 一个是改善有多大，一个是怎么刷MAC地址。
原网卡跑分
ubuntu
info
3: wlp5s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether **:**:**:**:d1:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.68.**.**/18 brd 10.68.**.** scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp5s0
valid_lft 172655sec preferred_lft 172655sec
inet6 fe80::5281:3fde:54d9:99cb/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverping
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.251) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=1 ttl=45 time=101 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=2 ttl=45 time=37.2 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=3 ttl=45 time=44.8 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=4 ttl=45 time=71.0 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=5 ttl=45 time=89.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=6 ttl=45 time=112 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=7 ttl=45 time=32.2 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=8 ttl=45 time=55.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=9 ttl=45 time=78.4 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=10 ttl=45 time=37.4 ms
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9013ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 32.233/65.872/111.958/27.249 ms
---
PING 10.18.**.** (10.18.**.**) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=10.1 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=102 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=22.2 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=20.7 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=66.8 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=6 ttl=61 time=88.7 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=7 ttl=61 time=8.45 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=8 ttl=61 time=9.73 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=9 ttl=61 time=40.5 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=10 ttl=61 time=75.7 ms
--- 10.18.**.** ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9016ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 8.445/44.495/102.091/33.932 msiperf3
TX:
Connecting to host 10.18.**.**, port 9000
[ 5] local 10.68.**.** port 35866 connected to 10.18.**.** port 9000
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 6.37 MBytes 53.4 Mbits/sec 0 350 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 6.18 MBytes 51.9 Mbits/sec 0 463 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 5.32 MBytes 44.6 Mbits/sec 0 486 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 6.62 MBytes 55.5 Mbits/sec 0 486 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 5.63 MBytes 47.2 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 6.31 MBytes 52.9 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 6.25 MBytes 52.4 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 6.99 MBytes 58.6 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 6.93 MBytes 58.1 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 7.11 MBytes 59.7 Mbits/sec 0 536 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 63.7 MBytes 53.4 Mbits/sec 0 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 62.2 MBytes 52.1 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
---
RX:
Connecting to host 10.18.**.**, port 9000
[ 5] local 10.68.**.** port 35866 connected to 10.18.**.** port 9000
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 6.37 MBytes 53.4 Mbits/sec 0 350 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 6.18 MBytes 51.9 Mbits/sec 0 463 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 5.32 MBytes 44.6 Mbits/sec 0 486 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 6.62 MBytes 55.5 Mbits/sec 0 486 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 5.63 MBytes 47.2 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 6.31 MBytes 52.9 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 6.25 MBytes 52.4 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 6.99 MBytes 58.6 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 6.93 MBytes 58.1 Mbits/sec 0 511 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 7.11 MBytes 59.7 Mbits/sec 0 536 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 63.7 MBytes 53.4 Mbits/sec 0 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 62.2 MBytes 52.1 Mbits/sec receiverwin10
info
无线局域网适配器 WLAN:
连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :
描述. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 2x2 11bgn Wireless LAN M.2 Adapter
物理地址. . . . . . . . . . . . . : **-**-**-**-D1-E7
DHCP 已启用 . . . . . . . . . . . : 是
自动配置已启用. . . . . . . . . . : 是
本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::45a4:9270:593:140d%21(首选)
IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.68.**.**(首选)
子网掩码 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.192.0
获得租约的时间 . . . . . . . . . : 2021年8月10日 1:44:03
租约过期的时间 . . . . . . . . . : 2021年8月12日 9:44:02
默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.68.**.**
DHCP 服务器 . . . . . . . . . . . : 1.1.1.1
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : ********
DHCPv6 客户端 DUID . . . . . . . : 00-**-00-01-28-3C-B3-47-54-EE-75-**-**-**
DNS 服务器 . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.28.**.**
172.17.**.**
TCPIP 上的 NetBIOS . . . . . . . : 已启用
ping
正在 Ping baidu.com [220.181.38.148] 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=59ms TTL=46
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=71ms TTL=46
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=44ms TTL=46
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=39ms TTL=46
220.181.38.148 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 39ms，最长 = 71ms，平均 = 53ms
---
正在 Ping 10.18.**.** 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=188ms TTL=61
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=20ms TTL=61
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=31ms TTL=61
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=14ms TTL=61
10.18.**.** 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 14ms，最长 = 188ms，平均 = 63msiperf3
TX:
Connecting to host 10.18.**.**, port 9000
[ 4] local 10.68.**.** port 51757 connected to 10.18.**.** port 9000
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 896 KBytes 7.32 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 1.00-2.01 sec 1.62 MBytes 13.6 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 2.01-3.01 sec 1.75 MBytes 14.7 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 3.01-4.01 sec 2.75 MBytes 23.1 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 4.01-5.01 sec 1.62 MBytes 13.6 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 5.01-6.00 sec 1.50 MBytes 12.6 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 6.00-7.00 sec 1.75 MBytes 14.7 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 7.00-8.00 sec 1.75 MBytes 14.7 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 8.00-9.00 sec 2.62 MBytes 22.0 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 9.00-10.00 sec 1.75 MBytes 14.7 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 18.0 MBytes 15.1 Mbits/sec sender
[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 18.0 MBytes 15.1 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
---
RX：
Accepted connection from 10.18.**.**, port 64773
[ 5] local 10.68.**.** port 9000 connected to 10.18.**.** port 64775
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 5] 0.00-1.01 sec 288 KBytes 2.34 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 1.01-2.01 sec 455 KBytes 3.73 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 2.01-3.01 sec 347 KBytes 2.85 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 3.01-4.01 sec 539 KBytes 4.42 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 4.01-5.01 sec 411 KBytes 3.37 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 5.01-6.00 sec 731 KBytes 6.01 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 1.57 MBytes 13.2 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 7.00-8.01 sec 1.59 MBytes 13.3 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 8.01-9.00 sec 709 KBytes 5.84 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 1.14 MBytes 9.61 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 10.00-10.05 sec 184 KBytes 29.5 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 5] 0.00-10.05 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.05 sec 7.89 MBytes 6.58 Mbits/sec receiver换网卡
换网卡实际上很简单。笔电能拆开的基本上 内存，硬盘，网卡都是模块化可更换的。网卡的信号线都是通用的。
修改MAC地址
这一步其实是最难的，低估了这一步。
为啥要修改MAC地址呢？因为我这里有上网策略 并且 MAC会和IP绑定，如果想要神不知鬼不觉的换硬件或者不修改配置文件，那么只需要新网卡和以前的网卡MAC地址一致即可。
需要的软件是 eeupdate，但这个软件是面向供应商的，所以即使在intel网站上找到也是无法下载的，即使能找到eeupdate，不知道为什么那么邪门 都要依赖DOS系统，然而这个DOS系统还不是随随便便就能找来的。
FreeDOS
freedos有个 LiteUSB 版的 很轻量化，但是有两个问题：
- 没办法挂载笔电上的磁盘（或者我没找到）
- 默认的分区装不下eeupdate
这两个问题完全阻断了使用
**update: **
后来使用了rufus-3.10写入了DOS系统 可以直接boot进去 并且拥有完整的剩余空间.
Linux下修改
这里使用的是kubuntu（KDE）
在 configure network connections 里找到 你要链接的网络，找到 cloned MAC address 输入进去就可以了。
Win10下修改
intel 已经禁止硬件修改MAC地址了
即使是 eeupdate 也无法找到这个网卡，最终放弃了。
顺便说几句
- win11系统都无法支持 random MAC， 谈JB安全。
- 能找到的 eeupdate 都是在DOS下运行的，但DOS这个又很坑
- 不用试图安装FreeDOS，软件(参考上面)可以直接写入最小的DOS系统
- 以后这种路会越来越窄 即使能用软件修改 也很局限（例如 TMAC 6 只支持 02 开头）
- fuck you intel, fuck you windows.
新网卡跑分
速度会受到路由器的限制，不过这个路由器很烂就是了，还被一堆2.4Ghz的网卡拖着速度。
linux
ping
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.251) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=1 ttl=45 time=31.1 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=2 ttl=45 time=32.1 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=3 ttl=45 time=31.1 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=4 ttl=45 time=31.5 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=5 ttl=45 time=31.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=6 ttl=45 time=32.2 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=7 ttl=45 time=32.5 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=8 ttl=45 time=32.5 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=9 ttl=45 time=31.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.251 (220.181.38.251): icmp_seq=10 ttl=45 time=31.2 ms
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9015ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 31.115/31.679/32.496/0.527 ms
---
PING 10.18.**.** (10.18.**.**) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=3.36 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=2.62 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=2.77 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=1.96 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=2.39 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=6 ttl=61 time=3.30 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=7 ttl=61 time=2.48 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=8 ttl=61 time=2.08 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=9 ttl=61 time=2.54 ms
64 bytes from 10.18.**.**: icmp_seq=10 ttl=61 time=2.65 ms
--- 10.18.**.** ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9015ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.963/2.614/3.362/0.428 msiperf3
TX:
Connecting to host 10.18.**.**, port 9000
[ 5] local 10.68.**.** port 56116 connected to 10.18.**.** port 9000
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 16.0 MBytes 134 Mbits/sec 0 706 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 15.1 MBytes 127 Mbits/sec 38 654 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 14.9 MBytes 125 Mbits/sec 0 744 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 14.2 MBytes 119 Mbits/sec 0 790 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 13.1 MBytes 110 Mbits/sec 0 818 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 14.0 MBytes 117 Mbits/sec 32 615 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 15.4 MBytes 129 Mbits/sec 0 654 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 15.3 MBytes 129 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 14.8 MBytes 124 Mbits/sec 0 690 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 15.0 MBytes 126 Mbits/sec 33 513 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 148 MBytes 124 Mbits/sec 103 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 145 MBytes 122 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
---
RX:
Accepted connection from 10.18.**.**, port 44814
[ 5] local 10.68.**.** port 9001 connected to 10.18.**.** port 44816
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 5.98 MBytes 50.2 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 12.9 MBytes 108 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 13.0 MBytes 109 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 10.4 MBytes 87.0 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 10.6 MBytes 89.0 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 11.2 MBytes 94.2 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 11.0 MBytes 92.2 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 9.16 MBytes 76.9 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 9.77 MBytes 82.0 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 7.18 MBytes 60.2 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 10.00-10.51 sec 4.73 MBytes 78.0 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate
[ 5] 0.00-10.51 sec 106 MBytes 84.6 Mbits/sec receiverwin10
ping
正在 Ping baidu.com [220.181.38.148] 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=31ms TTL=45
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=31ms TTL=45
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=30ms TTL=45
来自 220.181.38.148 的回复: 字节=32 时间=30ms TTL=45
220.181.38.148 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 30ms，最长 = 31ms，平均 = 30ms
---
正在 Ping 10.18.**.** 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=3ms TTL=60
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=2ms TTL=60
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=2ms TTL=60
来自 10.18.**.** 的回复: 字节=32 时间=2ms TTL=60
10.18.**.** 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 2ms，最长 = 3ms，平均 = 2msiperf
TX:
Connecting to host 10.18.**.**, port 9000
[ 4] local 10.68.**.** port 63001 connected to 10.18.**.** port 9000
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 13.0 MBytes 109 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 1.00-2.01 sec 12.8 MBytes 106 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 2.01-3.00 sec 13.1 MBytes 111 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 3.00-4.01 sec 12.6 MBytes 105 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 4.01-5.01 sec 12.6 MBytes 106 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 5.01-6.00 sec 12.0 MBytes 101 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 6.00-7.01 sec 12.4 MBytes 103 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 7.01-8.01 sec 12.4 MBytes 104 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 8.01-9.01 sec 12.4 MBytes 104 Mbits/sec
[ 4] 9.01-10.02 sec 12.5 MBytes 104 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 4] 0.00-10.02 sec 126 MBytes 105 Mbits/sec sender
[ 4] 0.00-10.02 sec 126 MBytes 105 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
---
RX:
Accepted connection from 10.18.**.**, port 26126
[ 5] local 10.68.**.** port 9001 connected to 10.18.**.** port 26128
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 10.6 MBytes 88.8 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 12.2 MBytes 102 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 13.2 MBytes 110 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 12.8 MBytes 107 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 12.8 MBytes 108 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 15.5 MBytes 130 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 14.7 MBytes 123 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 11.2 MBytes 94.0 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 11.9 MBytes 99.8 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 14.4 MBytes 120 Mbits/sec
[ 5] 10.00-10.04 sec 488 KBytes 107 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 5] 0.00-10.04 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.04 sec 130 MBytes 108 Mbits/sec receiver