OpenWrt 系列优化 2 雅典娜

扩容存储

刷机的时候是可选root分区大小的，剩下的空间是没有分配的。直接分配挂载就可。

  1. 创建分区
fdisk /dev/mmcblk0

  n   # 值默认都可以
# Command (m for help): n
# Partition number (27,28, default 27): 
# First sector (7741474-241663991, default 7743488): 
# Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (7743488-241663991, default 241661951): 

# Created a new partition 27 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 111.5 GiB.

  w   # 保存分区变更
# Command (m for help): w
# The partition table has been altered.
# Syncing disks.

再从 fdisk -l 看，那个分区警告也没了

The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device. This problem will be corrected by write.
  1. 用 f2fs 格式化分区
mkfs.f2fs /dev/mmcblk0p27

    F2FS-tools: mkfs.f2fs Ver: 1.16.0 (2023-04-11)

Info: Disable heap-based policy
Info: Debug level = 0
Info: Trim is enabled
Info: Segments per section = 1
Info: Sections per zone = 1
Info: sector size = 512
Info: total sectors = 233918464 (114218 MB)
Info: zone aligned segment0 blkaddr: 512
Info: format version with
  "Linux version 6.6.58 (runner@fv-az1247-605) (aarch64-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 13.3.0 r0-48ee922) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.42) #0 SMP PREEMPT Fri Oct 25 09:07:06 2024"
Info: [/dev/mmcblk0p27] Discarding device
Info: Secure Discarded 0 MB
Info: Overprovision ratio = 0.430%
Info: Overprovision segments = 245 (GC reserved = 239)
Info: format successful
  1. 通过LuCI挂载
1. 系统 -> 挂载点 -> 添加
2. UUID 选择 （111.5G）
3. 挂载到 /opt
4. 保存并应用
  1. 可以通过 df -h 看到挂载成功
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root                40.0M     40.0M         0 100% /rom
tmpfs                   439.8M     44.2M    395.6M  10% /tmp
/dev/loop0                2.0G    170.4M      1.8G   8% /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay        2.0G    170.4M      1.8G   8% /
tmpfs                   512.0K         0    512.0K   0% /dev
/dev/mmcblk0p27         111.5G    958.0M    110.6G   1% /opt

分区布局

lsblk

# lsblk
NAME         MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
# 这里是日常使用部分
loop0          7:0    0     2G  0 loop /overlay
# 整个 emmc
mmcblk0      179:0    0 115.2G  0 disk 
├─mmcblk0p1  179:1    0   768K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p2  179:2    0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p3  179:3    0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p4  179:4    0   1.8M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p5  179:5    0   1.8M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p6  179:6    0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p7  179:7    0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p8  179:8    0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p9  179:9    0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p10 179:10   0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p11 179:11   0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p12 179:12   0   256K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p13 179:13   0   640K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p14 179:14   0   640K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p15 179:15   0   512K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p16 179:16   0     6M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p17 179:17   0     6M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p18 179:18   0     2G  0 part /rom
├─mmcblk0p19 179:19   0     4M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p20 179:20   0    60M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p21 179:21   0     4M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p22 179:22   0    20M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p23 179:23   0   512K  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p24 179:24   0  87.3M  0 part 
├─mmcblk0p25 179:25   0     1G  0 part 
└─mmcblk0p26 179:26   0   512M  0 part 
# 启动分区
mmcblk0boot0 179:32   0     4M  1 disk 
mmcblk0boot1 179:64   0     4M  1 disk

扩容后

mmcblk0      179:0    0 115.2G  0 disk 
├─.......
└─mmcblk0p27 179:27   0 111.5G  0 part

备份和恢复

a. Overlay

如果在没有重刷固件的情况下，我建议仅对 /overlay 进行打包并备份
https://www.v2ex.com/t/131986#r_1326334

# 备份
tar -czvf /tmp/overlay_backup.tar.gz /overlay

# 恢复
rm -rvf /overlay/*
cd / && tar -xzvf /tmp/overlay_backup.tar.gz

b. firmware

https://www.v2ex.com/t/131986#r_1326324

# 查看 firmware 分区所对应的 mtd 设备
cat /proc/mtd

# 比如：
dev: size erasesize name
mtd0: 00040000 00020000 "u-boot"
mtd1: 00040000 00020000 "u-boot-env"
mtd2: 00040000 00020000 "caldata"
mtd3: 00080000 00020000 "pot"
mtd4: 00200000 00020000 "language"
mtd5: 00080000 00020000 "config"
mtd6: 00300000 00020000 "traffic_meter"
mtd7: 00200000 00020000 "kernel"
mtd8: 07700000 00020000 "ubi"
mtd9: 07900000 00020000 "firmware"
mtd10: 00040000 00020000 "caldata_backup"

# 这里就是mtd9
# 备份固件文件 firmware_backup.bin，在 /tmp 目录下
dd if=/dev/mtd9 of=/tmp/firmware_backup.bin

# 恢复该固件, 将 firmware_backup.bin 上传至 /tmp，恢复完成路由器会自行重启
mtd -r write /tmp/firmware_backup.bin firmware

c. 通用 NOR 备份

https://openwrt.org/zh/docs/guide-user/installation/generic.backup

Rust compile

  1. 平台应该选择 aarch64-unknow-linux-musl
  2. windows 平台在编译的时候可能会报一个错，修改以下内容到 ~/.cargo/config.toml
  3. 编译 cargo build --release --target aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63739813/error-linker-cc-not-found-when-cross-compiling-a-rust-project-from-windows
[target.aarch64-unknow-linux-musl]
rustflags = ["-C", "linker-flavor=ld.lld"]

F2FS

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/F2FS

Conclusion

immortalwrt 和 OpenWrt 都是非常优秀的 OS，也带来了很多有意思的折腾，有很多先进的理念都在里面。在折腾的过程中非常有意思。

包括但不限于：

  • loop device (losetup)
  • f2fs
  • overlayfs
  • u-boot
  • nftables
  • aarch64-musl

本文参考：